STLC stands for Short-Term Learning and Certification. In this method, short-term, certified courses are provided that are quick, flexible, and cost-effective ways to gain specific skills, contrasting with longer, traditional degree programs.

E.g. Harvard University's short courses in leadership and data science, MIT's short-term programs through MIT Professional Education, and online platforms like Coursera and Udemy offering a wide range of subjects from business to programming, often in partnership with universities.

A political exam is a test made to measure an individual's understanding and knowledge of political concepts, systems, and current affairs. It may not be too complex, however, some basic knowledge about ongoing affairs and political situations may be crucial.

Local governance is a system of establishing a local governing body in every corner of the nation based on administrative and geographical divisions. The area each local government has to cover will be comparatively smaller than the general province or districts. They may range from a collection of a few streets or wards. Under this form of governance, local governments are granted the independence to manage the administrative and developmental tasks within their jurisdiction. Every year the central government only has to distribute a proportional amount through the budget to every local governing body.

Eg: the local government can approve projects on its own without the central government's involvement when it comes to building roads, schools, hospitals, etc.

Post-conflict states are nations or regions that are emerging from a period of conflict or war. These conflicts can be internal, such as civil wars or insurrections, or external, involving wars between nations. The term "post-conflict" implies that the active, large-scale hostilities have ceased, allowing for a focus on rebuilding, reconciliation, and the establishment of sustainable peace.

Social spending refers to government expenditure on programs designed to provide support to individuals and families in need, aiming to ensure a minimum standard of living and protect citizens from economic vulnerabilities.

Universal basic income (UBI) is a model for periodically providing all citizens of a country, a given sum of money(or cash transfer), regardless of their income, resources or employment status.