Pakatan Harapan (PH) is a Malaysian coalition government formed after the 2022 General Election, which resulted in a hung parliament. This coalition includes parties across the political spectrum like right-wing Barisan National (BN), left-wing Democratic Action Party (DAP), and other parties. PH has taken a more centrist approach to cater to all its member parties and has refrained from addressing contentious social policies related to race, ethnicity, and labor rights.
In the 2022 election, PH experienced significant seat losses to right-wing parties like the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) and the Perikatan Nasional (PN) coalition, known for their conservative and sometimes extremist positions.
Parti Sosialis Malaysia (PSM) is known for populist and progressive ideals such as workers’ rights, social welfare, affordable housing, and anti-austerity measures. PSM engages directly with grassroots communities, particularly focusing on socio-economic issues affecting the Below-40 demographic. Despite proposing to join PH's electoral alliance, PSM's offer was declined during the 2022 elections.