Stoicism is a philosophy that says the most important thing is to maintain inner peace and self-control in difficult situations, that one should practice moderation in everything, and additionally that virtue can be achieved by living in accordance with nature. Virtues in Stoicism are more important than happiness.

For the purpose of this debate, the "Die With Zero" philosophy refers to the idea that individuals should aim to use up all their wealth before they die as opposed to saving up wealth until past their death.

''Leaving it to God' is a philosophy whereby individuals relinquish individual control and instead rely on divine intervention from a higher power or being to provide guidance and solutions through difficult situations.

Supererogatory acts are actions that are morally good and admirable, but not required. They go beyond what a person is expected to do, so people are praised for doing them but not blamed for not doing them.

For example, donating extra money to help someone in need, or staying longer to help a coworker finish their work even though it is not your responsibility.

The ethics of care is a moral philosophy that emphasizes empathy, relationships, and the importance of caring for others. It focuses on understanding people’s needs and responding to them in a way that strengthens connections and shows compassion

“Suffer now, enjoy later” refers to the mentality where individuals enter a phase of self-deprivation of joy, the feeling of contentment and self-rewarding until a ‘later period’ where they feel they have deserved it. This mentality can refer to materialistic and abstract concepts such as purchases or relationships.

Happiness economics is the formal academic study of the relationship between individual satisfaction and economic issues such as employment and wealth. Happiness economics is an attempt to overcome certain shortcomings of the traditional happiness measurement approach by trying to measure utility, which is the concept of enjoyment that people experience from satisfactions of wants and needs. It centers on econometric analysis to discover which factors might increase or decrease human well-being and quality of life.

A global wealth tax system is where individuals are progressively taxed based on their assets which would apply at a broadly similar rate in different countries.

Unitarian Universalism (UU) is a religious framework that does not require people to follow a specific belief or set of teachings. Instead, it allows members to explore their own spiritual beliefs while still agreeing on shared moral values.

Religious proselytization is the act of attempting to convert individuals from one religion, denomination, or belief system to another.

State-mandated housing quotas are government rules requiring builders or housing authorities to reserve a certain percentage of homes for specific groups, usually low-income or marginalized communities

The Chongqing model of economic development, focuses on improving economic development through the promotion of large state owned enterprises, the profits of which are redistributed to massive public housing projects and subsidies for the poor. In contrast, the Guangdong model of economic development, focuses on the development of flourishing private enterprise and the presence of strong trade unions to curb the power of private business with very little focus on redistribution.

Examples of involvement in politics include: running for election, leading campaigns & fundraisers, giving speeches at major rallies, openly and frequently discussing their political views & endorsing candidates

You are a young, prodigal football player playing in a top, global league that is gaining popularity and admiration from fans all over the world. The boyhood club that you grew up playing for has given you the option to either take up the Number 10 jersey; previously held by some of the best players in the clubs history or the lesser popular, Number 34 that you grew up playing with your whole life

The IOC’s “New Norm” reforms replaced the traditional competitive Olympic bidding process with a system based on continuous dialogue, targeted negotiations based on interest and connections, flexible timelines, and preference for existing infrastructure and multi-city hosting. The Competitive Bidding Process that was replaced allowed a more open, competitive bidding process where nations were given equal opportunity to openly allowed to express interest in hosting by large-scale campaigns to win the bidding process

A professional degree provides the hands-on training and licensing required to practice in a specific regulated field. (e.g., Law, Medicine, Engineering).

An academic degree focuses on critical thinking and advanced knowledge as well as research in academia. It builds broad analytical skills and versatility for corporate roles. (e.g., Business, Arts, Bachelor’s in Science)

The school ranking system refers to the evaluation and placement of students in order of students’ academic performance.